969 – Demise of Grand Duchess of Kievan Rus, Olga (christened Elena), whose memory is remembered by the Russian Orthodox Church. (This date is not confirmed by documents, otherwise it could be observed on July 11.)
1374 The town of Vyatka (now Kirov) was founded. This date is not confirmed by documents, but it was first mentioned at that time. Prior to 1780 the town was called Khlynov.
1614 (July 14, old calendar). The Swedish troops commanded by Jacob Delagardi defeated at Bronnitsy (at the confluence of the rivers Msta and Glushnitsa) the Russian regiments under the command of Dmitry Trubetskoi and blocked their camp which was gripped by hunger. Czar Mikhail Fyodorovich ordered Trubetskoi to retreat. When trying to break through the Russian troops suffered great casualties, and the Swedes soon occupied Staraya Russa, Porkhov and Gdov and besieged Pskov.
1645 (July 14, old calendar). Ascension to the throne of the second czar of the Romanov dynasty, the 16-year-old Alexei Mikhailovich.
1704 (July 13, old calendar). After a successful night attack of the Russian troops the commander of the Swedish garrison of Derpt was forced to surrender. The town was under siege from the early summer. General-fieldmarshal Boris Sheremetev commanded the Russian troops, but without much success, until Czar Peter the Great arrived to the wall of the fortress. He ordered to shell the weak section of the wall and this bore fruit. Finally, the ancient Russian town was captured.
1764 (July 13, old calendar). Empress Catherine the Great was in Riga and traveled to the province of Kurlandia. In Mitava (Leaver) Duke Ernst-Johann BIRON met her in the palace, genuflected and kissed her hand, thanking her for the imperial visit. Meanwhile, Riga residents awaited her return until late at night and greeted her with the loud “Vivat!”
1956 The town of physicists Dubna was founded near Moscow.
1969 The flight of the American astronauts to the Moon on board the “Apollo-11” spaceship ended successfully in the Pacific. Neil Armstrong, the first man who stepped on the lunar surface, said that a small step of one man was a gigantic leap for the whole of humanity. Years and centuries will pass but the names of Yuri Gagarin, Neil Armstrong and Aleksey Leonov will remain forever in the history of mankind.
1990 All restrictions on the sale of alcoholic drinks in the USSR introduced five years ago were lifted.
1993 The Central Bank of Russia announced the end of the circulation of the Soviet money and its exchange to the new Russian rouble.
Births
1770 Alexander Balashev
(1770 – 20.05.1837)
Russian statesman, Infantry General, member of the State Council. When the Ministry of Police was organized in 1810, he became its first head. He enjoyed great trust of Emperor Alexander I and fulfilled his secret assignments (arrest of M. Speransky in 1812). He conducted diplomatic negotiations with Napoleon in the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812 and was one of those who recommended the appointment of M. Kutuzov Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army. In his activity he was quite liberal in his views and was even accused of sympathies for constitutional government and representative institutions in Russia.
1770 Alexander BALASHEV
(1770 – 20.05.1837)
Russian statesman, Infantry General, member of the State Council. When the Ministry of Police was organized in 1810, he became its first head. He enjoyed great trust of Emperor Alexander I and fulfilled his secret assignments (arrest of M. Speransky in 1812). He conducted diplomatic negotiations with Napoleon in the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812 and was one of those who recommended the appointment of M. KUTUZOV Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army. In his activity he was quite liberal in his views and was even accused of sympathies for constitutional government and representative institutions in Russia.
1828 Nikolai Chernyshevsky
(1828 – 29.10.1889)
Revolutionary democrat, writer.
1901 Igor Ilyinsky
(1901 – 13.01.1987)
Actor of the Maly Theatre.
1902 Nikolay Kuznetsov
(1902 – 6.12.1974)
Hero of the Soviet Union, Admiral of the Fleet of the USSR (from 1956 Vice Admiral), People's Commissar of the Navy in 1939 – 1946, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, in 1951 – 1953 Minister of the Navy. After the catastrophe of the battleship “Novorossiisk” in 1955 he was dismissed and demoted. In 1988 he was fully rehabilitated posthumously. The Naval Academy in St.Petersburg has been named after him.
1912 Nikolay Gritsenko
(1912 – 8.12.1979)Actor of the Vakhtangov Theatre.
1942 Irina Miroshnichenko
(1942)
Actress.
1943 Ludmila Bragina
(1943)
Olympic champion in the 1,500 m running distance (Munich, 1972). Her success was truly unique because she set a new world record each time she ran the distance (preliminary, semifinal and final).
1955 Lyubov Berezhnaya (Odinokova)
(1955)
Merited Master of sport, member of the USSR national handball team, twice Olympic champion (1976, 1980).
1965 Igor Malyarov
(1965)
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Youth Union.
Deaths
1015 Boris (christened Roman)
(circa 998 – 1015)
Prince of Rostov, the beloved son of Grand Prince Vladimir of Kiev, who baptized Rus. Vladimir was married several times and had 12 sons. By the time of his death the eldest in the family was his third son Svyatopolk. Bulgarian princess Anna was the mother of his two youngest sons, Boris and Gleb. Their father's special attitude to them could be explained by the imperial origin of their mother and by the fact that they were born in Christian wedlock, which was regarded by Prince Vladimir as the only legitimate one.
1921 Fyodor Artyom (SERGEYEV)
(19.03.1883 – 1921)
Bolshevik. He was killed during a test run of an aerosleigh.
1992 Gavriil ILIZAROV
(15.06.1921) – 1992)
Surgeon-traumatologist, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
